Minḥah for Erev Shabbat
מנחה לערב שבתAnnotations · 1
Weekday Minḥah, said before Kabbalat Shabbat. No Taḥanun. Chabad prints Petaḥ Eliyahu here. Heicha Kedushah is common at this Minḥah.
Prayer & Liturgy
Shabbat services
Kabbalat Shabbat through Minḥah, mapped unit by unit: the order of each service, who says it, and what needs a minyan.
The Shabbat day at a glance
Each block is a service; the bar inside it is that service’s run of liturgical functions, drawn to scale. Kabbalat Shabbat sits at dusk, before Ma’ariv, and Musaf follows Shaḥarit directly. Choose a service to read its whole spine below.
Shabbat
PreliminariesPesukei DeZimra · PraiseStudyKabbalisticShema & its blessingsAmidahConcludingAt homeTransitionTorah service
Reading the map
Minyan
Minyan required — Devar she-bikdushah or public act — may not be said without ten.
May pray alone — May be said alone.
Modified alone — Said alone but in altered form or with omissions.
Enhanced together — Permitted alone; performed differently or more fully with a minyan.
Obligation
Torah obligation — Biblically obligatory (per most rishonim).
Rabbinic obligation — Rabbinically obligatory; may not be skipped.
Rabbinic preparation — Rabbinic institution of praise/preparation; first to be curtailed under time pressure.
Established custom — Established custom; normally said, omitted on defined days or under pressure.
Optional custom — Custom varying by community; freely omitted.
Public only — Exists only as a congregational act; has no private form.
Voice / role
LeaderShaliaḥ tzibbur recites every word aloud; congregation listens silently and answers Amen.
In unisonWhole congregation recites aloud together.
Private voiceEach person recites privately, audible to themselves only.
Call & responseLeader calls, congregation answers a fixed response, leader may repeat.
Closing aloudCongregation reads silently; leader chants only the opening and/or closing formula aloud so Amen can be answered.
ResponsiveLeader and congregation alternate verses or lines.
SungMelody-led congregational singing.
MournersRecited by mourners; congregation answers.
Torah readerChanted by a designated reader (ba'al korei / oleh / maftir) with cantillation; congregation follows silently.
Silent individualRecited silently and individually, standing; no congregational voice.
Leader undertoneLeader recites quietly first, then repeats aloud (Nusaḥ Ari / Sepharad Kedushah pattern).
Shabbat
Kabbalat Shabbat
קבלת שבת
Six psalms for the six weekdays → Lekha Dodi → Ps. 92-93. A 16th-century Safed custom, not a statutory service — the newest layer in the siddur and the one with the most local variation.
Any time from plag ha-minḥah, and no later than sheki'ah.
Preliminaries
Candle Lighting
הדלקת נרותAnnotations · 1
At home, before sunset. Not a synagogue act.
Song of Songs
שיר השיריםAnnotations · 1
Sephardi and ḥasidic custom before Minḥah/Kabbalat Shabbat; not universal.
Pesukei DeZimra · Praise
Kabbalat Shabbat Psalms (95-99, 29)
קבלת שבתAnnotations · 2
Six psalms for the six weekdays plus Ps. 29. Often sung or read responsively. CHABAD: recited quietly and individually with minimal singing until Lekha Dodi. A 16th-century Safed custom — entirely optional and not a devar she-bikdushah.
alonePermittedAn individual may say all of it but omits the Kaddish. Functional minimum when alone: Ps. 92, Mizmor Shir L'Yom HaShabbat.
Lekha Dodi
לכה דודיAnnotations · 1
Leader sings each verse, congregation joins the refrain. All turn toward the entrance and bow at Bo'i khallah. Carlebach-style minyanim extend this into full congregational singing.
Psalms 92 and 93
מזמור שיר ליום השבתAnnotations · 1
The operative act of accepting Shabbat where it has not already been accepted.
Study
Bameh Madlikin
במה מדליקיןAnnotations · 2
tehillat-hashem / ChabadOmitOMITTED. Nusaḥ Sefard/Ari substitutes Kegavna.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAbsentNot in the Lev Shalem Shabbat evening order.
Kabbalistic
Kegavna
כגוונאAnnotations · 1
Zoharic passage. NUSAḤ SEFARD / ARI / CHABAD: said in place of Bameh Madlikin. Chabad pronounces the Divine Names in it in full. Koren prints it as a marked rubric for those who follow Nusaḥ Sefard.
Ma'ariv for Shabbat
ערבית לשבת
Same skeleton as weekday Ma'ariv with a seven-blessing Amidah, plus two Shabbat-only public additions: Vayekhulu said aloud together, and Me'ein Sheva by the leader.
After Kabbalat Shabbat.
Shema & its blessings
Barekhu
ברכוMa'ariv Aravim and Ahavat Olam
מעריב ערבים / אהבת עולםAnnotations · 1
Chabad: the leader concludes Ohev amo Yisrael QUIETLY, and raises his voice at HaMa'avir banav and Malkhutkha.
Hashkivenu
השכיבנוAnnotations · 1
Shabbat ḥatimah: HaPores sukkat shalom (not Shomer amo Yisrael).
Amidah
Amidah for Shabbat (silent)
עמידה לשבתAnnotations · 1
Seven blessings. Never repeated. Chabad: Yismeḥu concludes zekher le-ma'aseh bereshit, and reads 'bah' at Ma'ariv where Shaḥarit reads 'bo'.
Vayekhulu
ויכולוAnnotations · 1
Said ALOUD IN UNISON, standing — it is legal testimony to Creation, which is why it is deliberately said together. An individual says it with the intent of reading verses, not of giving testimony (testimony requires two).
Me'ein Sheva (Magen Avot)
מעין שבעAnnotations · 2
A one-blessing summary of the seven, instituted for the safety of latecomers. SA OC 268:10 — the leader alone, with a minyan, and only in an established synagogue. AN INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT SAY IT. Many poskim also omit it in a temporary minyan or a house of mourning.
aloneForbiddenNot said without a minyan.
Concluding
Full Kaddish
קדיש שלםYigdal / Adon Olam
יגדל / אדון עולםAnnotations · 1
tehillat-hashem / ChabadOmitChabad does not sing Yigdal or Adon Olam as a closing hymn.
At home
Shalom Aleikhem, Eshet Ḥayil, Kiddush
שלום עליכם / קידושAnnotations · 2
At the table. Kiddush is said aloud by one person; everyone else listens silently and answers Amen (shome'a ke-oneh).
tehillat-hashem / ChabadAbsentShabbat zemirot are not printed in the Chabad siddur; niggunim or a ḥasidic ma'amar take their place.
Shaḥarit for Shabbat
שחרית לשבת
The weekday skeleton with three expansions: extra psalms and Nishmat in Pesukei DeZimra, a seven-blessing Amidah, and a full Torah service with seven aliyot, maftir and Haftarah — the longest single block in the week.
As weekday Shaḥarit.
Preliminaries
Morning Blessings
ברכות השחרAnnotations · 1
Lev Shalem prints an abbreviated Birkhot HaShaḥar; in practice much of it is said privately before the service begins.
Pesukei DeZimra · Praise
Hodu
הודוAnnotations · 1
Position marks the nusaḥ — see the weekday entry.
Barukh She'amar
ברוך שאמרAdditional Psalms for Shabbat
מזמורי שבתAnnotations · 1
The Shabbat expansion of Pesukei DeZimra. Lev Shalem replaces Ps. 100 with nine other psalms.
Verses of Praise
פסוקי דזמרהNishmat Kol Ḥai
נשמת כל חיAnnotations · 1
Shabbat and Yom Tov only. Leader formally takes over aloud at Shokhen Ad (Ashkenaz). HaKel be-ta'atzumot chanted in the High Holiday melody on Yom Tov.
Yishtabaḥ
ישתבחShema & its blessings
Barekhu
ברכוYotzer Or and Kedushah d'Yotzer
יוצר אורAnnotations · 1
Expanded Shabbat text (El Adon, sung in unison in most congregations).
The Shema
קריאת שמעAmidah
Shaḥarit Amidah for Shabbat (silent)
עמידה לשבתAnnotations · 1
Seven blessings; middle blessing Yismaḥ Moshe.
Repetition and Kedushah
חזרת הש״ץAnnotations · 1
Chabad's Shabbat Kedushah begins Tishkon as a new sentence.
Transition
Full Kaddish
קדיש שלםTorah service
Torah Service
סדר קריאת התורהAnnotations · 1
Removing the scroll (Ein Kamokha, Berikh Shemei, Shema/Eḥad, Gadlu), seven aliyot plus maftir, hagbahah, Haftarah with its blessings. Aliyah blessings are call-and-response; the reading itself is chanted by the ba'al korei while the congregation follows silently.
Mi Sheberakh Blessings
מי שברךAnnotations · 1
In Conservative and liberal congregations the Mi Sheberakh for healing is frequently sung with names read aloud by the whole room.
Yekum Purkan
יקום פורקןAnnotations · 3
Aramaic — not said without a minyan.
tehillat-hashem / ChabadPartialFirst paragraph only.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAbsentDoes not appear in the Lev Shalem Shabbat morning table of contents.
Av HaRaḥamim
אב הרחמיםAnnotations · 3
AshkenazConditionalSaid on most Shabbatot but omitted on 'special' Shabbatot and Shabbat Mevarekhim — with Shabbat Mevarekhim Sivan and the Shabbat before Tisha B'Av as exceptions where it IS said.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAbsentNot in the Lev Shalem Shabbat morning contents.
tehillat-hashem / ChabadVerifyPresent in the siddur; the exact Chabad rule for which Shabbatot could not be confirmed from a first-tier source.
Prayers for the Government, State of Israel and IDF
תפילה לשלום המלכות / מדינת ישראלAnnotations · 2
ASHKENAZI PLACEMENT: between the Haftarah and returning the scroll. Koren Shalem prints separate texts for the United States, Canada, the State of Israel and the IDF. Lev Shalem places the US and Canada prayers in a back section, Tefillot v'Shirim Nosafim, rather than in the Torah service.
tehillat-hashem / ChabadAbsentNeither the prayer for the government nor the prayer for the State appears in the Chabad Shabbat order. Mainstream Haredi and ḥasidic communities omit the prayer for the State, objecting to reshit tzemiḥat ge'ulateinu.
Blessing the New Month
ברכת החודשAnnotations · 1
Shabbat Mevarekhim only — the Shabbat preceding Rosh Ḥodesh.
Musaf for Shabbat
מוסף לשבת
A single seven-blessing Amidah with its repetition, then the concluding hymns. The additional service corresponding to the additional Temple offering.
From after Shaḥarit until the end of the 7th hour; valid all day thereafter but one is called poshea. SA OC 286:1.
Amidah
Musaf Amidah (silent)
עמידה למוסףAnnotations · 2
FULLY OBLIGATORY FOR AN INDIVIDUAL. SA OC 286:2 — a yaḥid is obligated in Musaf and is NOT discharged by the congregation of the city. Said alone, omitting Kedushah and Birkat Kohanim.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAlterSacrificial passages recast in the PAST tense — na'aseh v'nakriv ('we will offer') replaced by asu v'hikrivu ('were offered'). Instituted 1927, carried through Sim Shalom and Lev Shalem. No petition for the restoration of sacrifices.
Kedushah of Musaf
קדושה דמוסףAnnotations · 1
THE CLEAREST NUSAḤ MARKER IN THE SERVICE. Nusaḥ Ashkenaz opens Na'aritzkha v'nakdishkha. Nusaḥ Sefard / Ari / Chabad opens KETER YITNU LEKHA. Chabad adds Hu yoshi'einu v'yig'aleinu sheinit b'karov.
Priestly Blessing
נשיאת כפייםAnnotations · 1
In the Ashkenazi diaspora, duchaning occurs only at Musaf on Yom Tov; in Israel it is daily.
Concluding
Full Kaddish
קדיש שלםEin Keloheinu
אין כאלהינוAleinu
עלינוAn'im Zemirot (Song of Glory)
שיר הכבוד / אנעים זמירותAnnotations · 4
Leader — very often a child — and congregation alternate verses with the ark open.
tehillat-hashem / ChabadOmitNOT PRINTED in Chabad siddurim at all. Sephardim also do not recite it.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAbsentNot in the Lev Shalem Shabbat morning contents.
Vilna Gaon traditionRestrictYom Tov only.
Adon Olam
אדון עולםAnnotations · 1
tehillat-hashem / ChabadOmitNot used as a closing hymn.
Minḥah for Shabbat and Motza'ei Shabbat
מנחה לשבת
Ashrei/Uva LeTziyon → a short Torah reading of next week's opening → seven-blessing Amidah → Pirkei Avot in season → Seudah Shelishit → Ma'ariv → Havdalah.
As weekday Minḥah.
Preliminaries
Ashrei and Uva LeTziyon
אשרי / ובא לציוןTorah service
Torah Reading (first portion of next week)
קריאת התורהAnnotations · 1
Three aliyot. Shabbat afternoon, Monday and Thursday share this institution.
Amidah
Minḥah Amidah for Shabbat (silent)
עמידה לשבתAnnotations · 2
Middle blessing Atah Eḥad.
lev-shalem / ConservativeAbsentShabbat Minḥah is not included in Lev Shalem for Weekdays, and the Shabbat/Festivals volume covers morning and Musaf only — pp. 98-212 in this dataset.
Study
Ethics of the Fathers
פרקי אבותAnnotations · 1
One chapter each Shabbat afternoon between Pesaḥ and Rosh Hashanah.
At home
Seudah Shelishit
סעודה שלישיתConcluding
Havdalah
הבדלהAnnotations · 1
Said aloud by one person; listeners are silent and answer Amen. No speaking between the blessing and drinking. Introductory verses (Hineh El yeshu'ati) commonly said in unison.
Coming late
The Shabbat cycle runs from Kabbalat Shabbat, which has no Amidah of its own, through Ma'ariv with its Me'ein Sheva, then the morning Shaḥarit, Musaf and the afternoon Minḥah. The rules below for entering the silent Amidah and standing through Kedushah therefore arise where a service repeats the Amidah aloud, not everywhere in the day.
Provisions for latecomers in this cycle
- Ma'arivMe'ein Sheva (Magen Avot)
A one-blessing summary of the seven, instituted for the safety of latecomers. SA OC 268:10 — the leader alone, with a minyan, and only in an established synagogue. AN INDIVIDUAL DOES NOT SAY IT. Many poskim also omit it in a temporary minyan or a house of mourning.
Joining a service already under way
- SA OC 109:1
If you can finish your silent Amidah before the leader reaches Kedushah, begin immediately. If you entered after Kedushah, you must be able to finish before the leader reaches Modim. Otherwise wait and begin with the leader.
Where it bites: Shaḥarit · Musaf - SA OC 109:2
When praying alongside the leader, say Kedushah word for word with him and bow at Modim with the congregation.
Where it bites: Shaḥarit · Musaf - Mid-Amidah
One already standing in the Amidah when the congregation reaches Kedushah, Kaddish or Barekhu STOPS AND LISTENS SILENTLY — shome'a ke-oneh. He does not answer verbally.
Where it bites: Ma'ariv · Shaḥarit · Musaf - SA OC 124:10
Someone who omitted a required insertion (e.g. Ya'aleh V'Yavo) fulfils his obligation by listening to the entire repetition without interruption and stepping back at the end.
Where it bites: Shaḥarit · Musaf - SA OC 124:11
One who finishes his own Amidah as the congregation is answering Amen may join, even without having heard the blessing, if he knows which one it was.
Where it bites: Shaḥarit · Musaf