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Eruvin

Eruv Tavshilin

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עֵירוּבִין

ERUVIN

ERUV TAVSHILIN

When a festival occurs on Thursday and Friday, or on Friday and Shabbat, we make an Eruv Tavshilin on the day before the festival. This allows us to prepare food on Friday for Shabbat—which is usually prohibited on festivals.

To make an Eruv Tavshilin, take bread (or matzah) and a substantial cooked food (such as meat, fish, or an egg) that is designated for consumption on Shabbat, and say the blessing and statement below.

Although each household should have its own Eruv Tavshilin, one who forgot to make one can rely on their rabbi's Eruv Tavshilin, which is made on behalf of the entire community.

It is preferable, even when making one's own Eruv Tavshilin, to appoint an adult male as an agent to represent the entire community and include it in the Eruv Tavshilin. If there is no agent, skip the first line below.

The one who makes the Eruv Tavshilin holds the food items and says:

Hebrew

אֲנִי מְזַכֶּה לְכָל מִי שֶׁרוֹצֶה לִזְכּוֹת
וְלִסְמוֹךְ עַל עֵרוּב זֶה:

Sephardi

Ani mezakeh lechol mi sherotzeh lizchot
velismoch al eruv zeh:

English

I give a share in this eruv to anyone who wants to participate in it and depend on it.

The agent takes the food items and food raises them a tefach (approximately 3 inches) and then returns them to the one making the Eruv Tavshilin.

The one who makes the Eruv Tavshilin holds the food items and says the following:

Blessing on Eruv Tavshilin

Hebrew

בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְיָ, אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ
הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ
בְּמִצְוֹתָיו, וְצִוָּנוּ עַל מִצְוַת עֵרוּב:

Sephardi

Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech
ha-olam, asher kidshanu
b'mitzvotav, v'tzivanu al mitzvat eruv:

English

Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, Who has made us holy with His commandments and commanded us to listen to the Sages, who instructed us regarding the commandment of eruv.

Hebrew

בְּדִין יְהֵא שָׁרֵא לָנָא לַאֲפוֹיֵי וּלְבַשּׁוֹלֵי
וּלְאַטְמוֹנֵי וּלְאַדְלוֹקֵי שְׁרָגָא וּלְתַקָּנָא
וּלְמֶעְבַּד כָּל צָרְכָנָא מִיּוֹמָא טָבָא לְשַׁבְּתָא,
לָנָא וּלְכָל יִשְׂרָאֵל הַדָּרִים בְּעִיר הַזֹּאת:

Sephardi

B'din yehei sharei lana la'afoyei ulvasholei
ula'atmonei ula'adlokei shraga ultakana
ulme'vad kol tzarchana miyoma tava l'shabbata,
lana ulchol Yisrael hadarim b'ir hazot:

English

With this eruv it will be permitted for us to bake, to cook, and to put away food in a place that will keep it warm, to light a candle, and to prepare and do anything on the festival that is necessary for Shabbat. These things will be permitted for us—the people who are making this eruv—and for all the Children of Israel who live in this city.

The food items, having been designated as an Eruv Tavshilin, should be put away and eaten on Shabbat.

ERUV CHATZEROT

We make an Eruv Chatzerot in order to combine multiple houses that open to a single enclosed area. This enables us to carry from one dwelling to another on Shabbat—which is usually forbidden. It is customary to collect matzah from each house on Erev Pesach and designate it as the Eruv Chatzerot for every Shabbat of that year.

The one who makes the Eruv Chatzerot hands the matzah to an agent, who raises it a tefach (approximately 3 inches). The one who makes the Eruv Chatzerot then takes back the matzah and says the following:

Blessing on Eruv Chatzerot

Hebrew

Sephardi

Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech
ha-olam, asher kidshanu
b'mitzvotav, v'tzivanu al mitzvat eruv:

English

Hebrew

בְּדִין יְהֵא שָׁרֵא לָנָא לְאַפּוֹקֵי וּלְעַיּוֹלֵי
וּלְטַלְטוֹלֵי מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת וּמֵחָצֵר
לְחָצֵר וּמִבַּיִת לְחָצֵר וּמֵחָצֵר לְבַיִת
וּמֵרְשׁוּת לִרְשׁוּת בֵּין בְּשַׁבָּת זוֹ וּבֵין
בִּשְׁאָר שַׁבָּתוֹת הַשָּׁנָה לָנוּ וּלְכָל הַדָּרִים
בַּשְּׁכוּנָה (בָּעִיר) הַזֹּאת:

Sephardi

B'din yehei sharei lana la'apokei ule'ayolei
ultaltulei mibayit l'vayit umeichatzer
l'chatzer umibayit l'chatzer umeichatzer l'vayit
umereshut lirshut bein b'Shabbat zo uvein
bish'ar Shabbatot hashanah lanu ulchol hadarim
bashchunah (ba'ir) hazot:

English

With this eruv it will be permitted for us to take out and bring in, to carry things from one house to another house, from one courtyard to another courtyard, from a house to a courtyard, from a courtyard to a house, and from one area to another area, if the eruv includes both areas. We will be permitted to carry things between these places whether on this Shabbat or on any other Shabbat of the year. It will be permitted for us—the people who are making this eruv—and for everyone who lives in this neighborhood.

ERUV TECHUMIN

We make an Eruv Techumin in order to be able to walk more than 2000 amot (slightly more than 3000 ft.) beyond the city limits—which is usually forbidden on Shabbat and festivals.

To make an Eruv Techumin, you must establish temporary residency outside the city, within 2000 amot of the city limits, by placing food for two meals there before the Shabbat or festival. This permits you to walk 2000 amot from that place in any direction you desire.

The Eruv Techumin may be utilized by all those who are in the city and who are aware of the Eruv's existence before the onset of the Shabbat or festival.

As the laws of calculating city limits are quite complex, a rabbi should always be consulted when making an Eruv Techumin.

After placing the food in the designated place, say the following:

Blessing on Eruv Techumin

Hebrew

Sephardi

Baruch Atah Adonai, Eloheinu Melech
ha-olam, asher kidshanu
b'mitzvotav, v'tzivanu al mitzvat eruv:

English

If you are making the Eruv Techumin on behalf of the public, add [after לָנָא] וּלְפְלוֹנִי or וּלְבָנֵי מָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי.

Hebrew

בְּדִין יְהֵא שָׁרֵא לָנָא לֵילַךְ מִמָּקוֹם זֶה
אַלְפַּיִם אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ:

Sephardi

B'din yehei sharei lana leilech mimakom zeh
alpayim amah lechol ruach:

English

With this eruv it will be permitted for us (and for (say name)) (and for those who live in (say name of city)) to walk two thousand amot in each direction from this place.