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pp. 1370-1371
Daily Prayer
נְטִילַת יָדַיִם, הַמּוֹצִיא וּבִרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן
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417 One should not remove bread from the table until after Birkat HaMazon is said [שו"ע או"ח, קפ: א].
418 Prior to saying Birkat HaMazon, one should wash the grime off one's fingers with mayim aḥaronim [שו"ע או"ח, קפא: א]. Some have the custom not to wash with mayim aḥaronim, because the original reasons for the practice no longer apply [שם, י; משנ"ב שם, כב], but a fastidious person who washes after a meal should wash with mayim aḥaronim before Birkat HaMazon [שו"ע: שם].
419 Women are obligated to say Birkat HaMazon [שו"ע או"ח, קפו: א].
420 Birkat HaMazon should be said where one ate. If one forgot to say Birkat HaMazon and went elsewhere, one should return to the site of the meal to say Birkat HaMazon. If one cannot return to the site of the meal, one is permitted to say Birkat HaMazon as soon as one remembers to do so [שו"ע ורמ"א או"ח, קפד: א; משנ"ב, שם:].
421 If one forgets to say Birkat HaMazon at the end of the meal, it must be said afterward, so long as one does not feel hungry [שו"ע או"ח, קפד: ד]. If one wants to eat again, one may wash hands and say הַמּוֹצִיא again; the subsequent Birkat HaMazon then covers the first meal as well [רמ"א או"ח, קעח: ב].
422 On Ḥanukka or Purim, one adds וְעַל הַנִּסִּים (page 1035) to the second blessing. If one forgets וְעַל הַנִּסִּים, one is not required to repeat Birkat HaMazon [שו"ע או"ח, תרפב: א; שו"ע ורמ"א או"ח, תרצה: ג].
423 On Shabbat, one adds רְצֵה (page 1037) to the third blessing. On Rosh Ḥodesh, Yom Tov and Ḥol HaMo'ed, one adds יַעֲלֶה וְיָבוֹא (page 1039) to the third blessing; if it is also Shabbat, one says רְצֵה, then יַעֲלֶה וְיָבוֹא. If one forgets to say the required addition on Shabbat or Yom Tov, one repeats the entire Birkat HaMazon. Alternatively, if one remembers before beginning the fourth blessing, one may say a special blessing in honor of Shabbat or the appropriate Yom Tov [שו"ע או"ח, קפח: ה–ו]. If one forgets the required addition on Rosh Ḥodesh or Ḥol HaMo'ed, one is not required to repeat Birkat HaMazon [שם: ז].
424 If one started eating while it was Shabbat, Rosh Ḥodesh or other days on which additions to Birkat HaMazon are said, and continued the meal after sunset, one still says the additions to Birkat HaMazon [שם: י] (see laws 422–423 above).
425 If three adult males eat a meal together, they are required to preface Birkat HaMazon with zimmun (page 1031). If women are present, they are required to join in the zimmun as well. Three adult females may also form a zimmun, but are not obligated to do so. If ten or more males are present, the word אֱלֹהֵינוּ is added to the formula [שו"ע או"ח, קצב: א].
426 Zimmun is required if all three participants ate bread. If only two participants ate bread, but a third person either eats a kezayit (about 1.5 ounces) of any food, or drinks a revi'it (about 4.4 ounces) of any beverage (other than water), the three should say zimmun [שו"ע או"ח, קצו: ג; משנ"ב, שם: כב].
427 Even if the participants are not sitting together, as long as some of the participants can see each other, they can join together in a zimmun [שו"ע או"ח, קצה: א].
428 If one of the three participants said Birkat HaMazon by himself, he may still join the other two to make a zimmun, but if two of them (or all three) said Birkat HaMazon by themselves, then no zimmun may be said [שו"ע או"ח, קצד: א].
429 At a Sheva Berakhot meal, a special addition is made to the zimmun (page 1097) [שו"ע אבה"ע, סב: יג; ערוה"ש, שם: יח], and the Sheva Berakhot (page 1095) are said after Birkat HaMazon [שו"ע, שם: ו].
430 At the meal after a Brit Mila, a special zimmun (page 1075) is said, and a series of prayers (pages 1077–1079) is added before the end of Birkat HaMazon.
431 At a meal in a house of mourning, a special addition is made to the zimmun, and the third and fourth blessings are changed (page 1123) [ערוה"ש יו"ד, שעט: א–ב].
תְּפִלָּה בְּבֵית הָאָבֵל
PRAYER IN A HOUSE OF MOURNING
432 The following prayers are omitted when praying in a house of mourning during the days of shiva: a Korbanot (Offerings) – omitted only by the mourners themselves [משנ"ב או"ח, א: יז] b Taḥanun [שו"ע או"ח, קלא: ד] c Hallel, except when Rosh Ḥodesh falls on Shabbat [משנ"ב, שם: כ]. On Ḥanukka, those who are not mourning should say Hallel on returning home. d אֵל אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם [משנ"ב, שם: לה] e Psalm 20 (לְמַנַּצֵּחַ) [שם] f Pirkei Avot or Barekhi Nafshi on Shabbat – omitted only by the mourners themselves [אשי ישראל, לו: צו] g Birkat Kohanim in Israel (see law 377)
433 In a house of mourning, it is customary to say Psalm 49 after Aleinu; on days on which no Taḥanun is said, Psalm 16 is said instead (page 1115).