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pp. 1322-1323
Guide to the Jewish Year
תִּשְׁרֵי
Visible layers
performed after nightfall. If the first day of Rosh HaShana fell on Shabbat, the congregation adds the paragraph וַתּוֹדִיעֵנוּ in the middle section of the Amida. Similarly, in Kiddush, the two blessings for Havdala are inserted prior to the blessing שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ (page 933); thus the order of blessings is: wine, Kiddush, flame, Havdala, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ.
39 On the second night of Rosh HaShana, it is customary to eat a new fruit or wear a new garment. However, one says שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ during Kiddush even if there is no new fruit or garment [שו״ע או״ח, תר:ב]. Similarly, שֶׁהֶחֱיָנוּ is said before blowing shofar on the second day, even if the shofar was blown on the first day [שם:ג].
40 Ma'ariv, Shaḥarit and Minḥa: Except as noted above, the prayers for the second day of Rosh HaShana parallel the prayers for the first.
41 Motza'ei Rosh HaShana: Ma'ariv for weekdays is said. In the fourth blessing of the Amida, the paragraph of אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ is said (page 287). Havdala is said over a cup of wine or grape juice; no blessing is made over spices or a flame [שו״ע או״ח, תרא:א].
עֲשֶׂרֶת יְמֵי תְּשׁוּבָה
Laws of Aseret Yemei Teshuva (the Ten Days of Repentance)
42 Changes to the Kaddish: see law 14.
43 During the morning prayers, it is customary, after Yishtabaḥ, to open the Ark and say Psalm 130 responsively (page 91) [משנ״ב או״ח, נד:ד]. Some say Psalm 130 before Yishtabaḥ.
44 Additions to the Amida: See law 15. One should also change the ending of the eleventh blessing of the Amida from מֶלֶךְ אוֹהֵב צְדָקָה וּמִשְׁפָּט to הַמֶּלֶךְ הַמִּשְׁפָּט [שו״ע או״ח, תקפא:ג], but one who forgets to do so is not required to repeat the Amida [רמ״א או״ח, קיח:א].
45 In Shaḥarit and Minḥa, after נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם ("Lowering the Head," page 145), the Ark is opened and the congregation says Avinu Malkenu. This is omitted on Friday afternoon and Shabbat [רמ״א או״ח, תרב:א].
צוֹם גְּדַלְיָה
Fast of Gedalya (3rd of Tishrei)
46 This fast commemorates the slaying of Gedalya ben Aḥikam by Yishmael ben Netanya, at the behest of Ba'alis, the king of Amon (circa 586 BCE). Shortly after the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem, Gedalya was appointed governor of Judea. His assassination just months after the appointment spelled the end of Jewish self-government in the land of Israel in that era and led to the dispersion of the Jews who remained in the land of Israel after the destruction of the First Temple [II Kings 25:22–26; Jer. 40:4–41:18].
47 If the 3rd of Tishrei falls on Shabbat, the fast is postponed to Sunday.
48 The fast begins at dawn [שו״ע או״ח, תקנ:ב]. One is permitted to wake before dawn to eat and drink, but only if one had the intention to do so before going to sleep [שו״ע או״ח, תקסד:א].
49 Eating and drinking are forbidden, but bathing and wearing leather shoes are permitted [שו״ע או״ח, תקנ:ב]. Pregnant and nursing women are exempt from fasting [רמ״א, שם:א].
50 Shaḥarit: The recitation of Seliḥot precedes Shaḥarit for weekdays. The additions for Aseret Yemei Teshuva are said. During the Repetition of the Amida, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says the paragraph עֲנֵנוּ between the seventh and eighth blessings (page 121) [שו״ע או״ח, תקסו:א]. This is followed by נְפִילַת אַפַּיִם and Avinu Malkenu.
51 Torah Reading (page 1166): The Torah is read only if at least six people (according to some: three people) are fasting. Only people who are fasting are called up. It is customary for the congregation to say the following passages aloud: the last seven words of Ex. 32:12: שׁוּב מֵחֲרוֹן אַפֶּךָ וְהִנָּחֵם עַל־הָרָעָה לְעַמֶּךָ, the "Thirteen Attributes of Mercy": יְהוָה יְהוָה אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן אֶרֶךְ אַפַּיִם וְרַב־חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת: נֹצֵר חֶסֶד לָאֲלָפִים נֹשֵׂא עָוֹן וָפֶשַׁע וְחַטָּאָה וְנַקֵּה, and the last four words of Ex. 34:9: "וְסָלַחְתָּ לְעֲוֺנֵנוּ וּלְחַטָּאתֵנוּ וּנְחַלְתָּנוּ" [משנ״ב, שם (ג)].
52 Minḥa: After Ashrei and Half Kaddish, the Torah is read. The reading is the same as that of the morning. The third oleh reads the Haftara (page 1166) [רמ״א, שם]. After the Torah is returned to the Ark, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish, and Minḥa Amida for weekdays is said.
53 During the silent recitation of the Amida, those who are fasting say the paragraph עֲנֵנוּ as part of the sixteenth blessing, שׁוֹמֵעַ תְּפִלָּה (page 239); during the Repetition of the Amida, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says עֲנֵנוּ between the seventh and eighth blessings, as in the morning (page 233). After the blessing הַטּוֹב שִׁמְךָ וּלְךָ נָאֶה לְהוֹדוֹת, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says the paragraph relating to Birkat Kohanim (page 245). After the Amida, the congregation says Taḥanun, adding Avinu Malkenu in the middle, Full Kaddish, Aleinu, Mourner's Kaddish and Psalm 27.
שַׁבַּת שׁוּבָה
Shabbat Shuva
54 Shabbat Shuva is named for the first word of the Haftara, Shuva. It is sometimes referred to as Shabbat Teshuva, "Shabbat of Repentance."
55 Kabbalat Shabbat: If Shabbat Shuva falls on the 3rd of Tishrei, Ma'ariv is preceded by an abbreviated version of Kabbalat Shabbat: Psalm 29, the first two and last two stanzas of לְכָה דוֹדִי, מִזְמוֹר שִׁיר לְיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת and יְהוָה מָלָךְ, גֵּאוּת לָבֵשׁ (page 377).