Shabbat Prayer

Yom Shabbat

יוֹם שַׁבָּת

Visible layers

459 Torah Reading: see laws 384–398. Seven are called up, though additional individuals may also be called up [שו״ע או״ח, רפב: א]. After completing the final aliya, the Ba'al Koreh says Half Kaddish. The Maftir is called up, and the appropriate portion is read, followed by the Haftara. After the Haftara and its blessings, the congregation says Yekum Purkan and the blessing for the congregation (page 581) [רמ״א או״ח, רפד: א]. This is followed by the prayers for the government and the State of Israel. On a Shabbat immediately preceding Rosh Ḥodesh, Birkat HaḤodesh is said (page 593), except on the Shabbat preceding Tishrei.

460 The congregation says אָב הָרַחֲמִים, except (a) on days when Taḥanun is omitted, (b) when Birkat HaḤodesh is said (except for the months of Iyar and Sivan), and (c) on Shabbat Shekalim, Zakhor, Para and HaḤodesh [רמ״א או״ח, רפד: ו]. Ashrei is said, the Torah is returned to the Ark, and the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish.

461 Musaf for Shabbat: On Rosh Ḥodesh, the entire fourth blessing follows a special formula (אַתָּה יָצַרְתָּ, page 609); on Ḥanukka, וְעַל הַנִּסִּים (page 617) is added in the sixth blessing. The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur repeats the Amida. This is followed by Full Kaddish, Ein Keloheinu, the Rabbis' Kaddish, Anim Zemirot (page 635), Mourner's Kaddish and Adon Olam.

462 The time for saying Musaf is immediately after Shaḥarit. Musaf should be said no later than the seventh halakhic "hour" of the day, which is 7/12 of the period from daybreak to nightfall. However, if one said Musaf at any time before sunset, one has fulfilled the obligation [שו״ע או״ח, רפו: א].

463 Shabbat Morning Kiddush should be said where one eats the Shabbat meal [שו״ע או״ח, רפט: א]. If no wine or grape juice is available, one may say Kiddush over a cup of liquor or other beverage, but not over water or bread [שם: ב].

464 Minḥa: After Ashrei and וּבָא לְצִיּוֹן, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish, the congregation says וַאֲנִי תְפִלָּתִי־לָךְ (page 665), and the Torah is taken from the Ark [שו״ע ורמ״א או״ח, רצב: א]. Three are called up, and the beginning of the following week's Torah portion is read. Half Kaddish is not said. After the Torah is returned to the Ark, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish, and the congregation says the Shabbat Minḥa Amida. On Rosh Ḥodesh, יַעֲלֶה וְיָבוֹא is added in the fifth blessing (page 681). On Ḥanukka, וְעַל הַנִּסִּים is added in the sixth blessing (page 683). After the Repetition of the Amida, the congregation says צִדְקָתֶךָ, except on a day when Taḥanun is omitted [שם: ב]. This is followed by Full Kaddish, Aleinu and Mourner's Kaddish. From the 1st of Elul to Shemini Ateret, Psalm 27 is said (page 695).

465 Some congregations say Psalm 104 (בָּרְכִי נַפְשִׁי) and the fifteen psalms beginning שִׁיר הַמַּעֲלוֹת, Ps. 120–34 (pages 697–707) after Shabbat Minḥa, from Shabbat Bereshit until Shabbat HaGadol [רמ״א, שם].

466 It is customary to read a chapter of the Ethics of the Fathers (Pirkei Avot, page 709) after Shabbat Minḥa, from the Shabbat after Pesaḥ to the Shabbat before Rosh HaShana [שם].

467 One should have a third meal (Se'uda Shelishit) on Shabbat [שו״ע או״ח, רצא: א]. Women are also obligated to eat Se'uda Shelishit [שם: ו]. The meal should begin with bread, unless one is too full to eat bread [שם: ה]. After the meal, one adds רְצֵה (page 1037) to Birkat HaMazon, even if the meal extends past nightfall.

מוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת

MOTZA'EI SHABBAT

468 Ma'ariv: as for weekdays (page 267). In the fourth blessing of the Amida, אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ (page 287) is added [שו״ע או״ח, רצד: א]. On Rosh Ḥodesh, יַעֲלֶה וְיָבוֹא (page 295) is added in the seventeenth blessing. If one forgets either of these additions, one does not repeat the Amida [שם].

469 After the silent Amida, unless Yom Tov falls in the following week, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish and the congregation says וִיהִי נֹעַם and וְאַתָּה קָדוֹשׁ (page 305) [רמ״א או״ח, רצה: א]. The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur then says Full Kaddish. From the second day of Pesaḥ until Shavuot, the Omer is counted (page 319). Some have the custom to say וְיִתֶּן לְךָ (page 765) [שם]; others postpone it to the Melaveh Malka meal. In most congregations, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Havdala [שו״ע, שם]. The congregation says Aleinu, followed by Mourner's Kaddish.

470 After nightfall, one may not perform labor until one says Havdala or hears it said. If one says אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ in Ma'ariv (page 287), one may perform labor after nightfall prior to Havdala [רמ״א או״ח, רצט: י].

471 Each month, one says Kiddush Levana (page 331) on seeing the New Moon at night. Kiddush Levana may be said from the eve of the fourth day of the new month until the middle day of the month. By custom, it is said on the first Motza'ei Shabbat that falls within the time span, preferably outdoors with a minyan. [שו״ע ורמ״א או״ח, תכו].

472 Havdala is said at home if (a) one did not say אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ or hear Havdala in the synagogue; (b) one said אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ or heard Havdala, but intended not to fulfill one's obligation; or (c) someone at home did not yet hear Havdala [שו״ע או״ח, רצו: ג; משנ״ב, שם: לב]. Women may say Havdala for themselves [משנ״ב, שם: לה-לו]. If one forgets to say Havdala on Motza'ei Shabbat, one may say it as late as Tuesday night.

473 After Shabbat, one should eat a meal, the Melaveh Malka, as a way of marking the end of Shabbat [שו״ע או״ח, ש: א].