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pp. 1348-1349
Guide to the Jewish Year
מַדְרִיךְ לַשָּׁנָה הַיְּהוּדִית
Visible layers
says וַיְכֻלּוּ הַשָּׁמַיִם, and the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says the abbreviated Repetition of the Amida as is customary on Shabbat eve [שו״ע או״ח, תרמב:א].
245 When the eve of the eighth day falls on Motza'ei Shabbat, the congregation adds the paragraph וַתּוֹדִיעֵנוּ in the middle section of the Amida. Similarly, in Kiddush, the two blessings for Havdala are inserted; thus the order of blessings is: wine, Kiddush, flame, Havdala (page 809).
246 Shaḥarit: for Shabbat and Yom Tov (page 459). The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur for Shaḥarit begins from the words הָאֵל בְּתַעֲצֻמוֹת עֻזֶּךָ (page 509). After Barekhu, the congregation says הַמֵּאִיר לָאָרֶץ or, if it is also Shabbat, הַכֹּל יוֹדוּךָ. The Amida for Yom Tov is said (page 817); if also Shabbat, one says the additions for Shabbat. This is followed by Half Hallel, Full Kaddish, the Daily Psalm, Mourner's Kaddish and, if also Shabbat, the reading of Shir HaShirim and the Mourner's Kaddish. Two Torah scrolls are removed from the Ark. The congregation says the "Thirteen Attributes of Mercy" and a special supplication (page 565), except on Shabbat.
247 Torah Reading: seventh day – page 1191א; eighth day – page 1197 (on Shabbat, begin on page 1197). Five men are called up, seven on Shabbat. Maftir: page 1195. Haftara, seventh day: page 1195; eighth day: page 1199.
248 The Haftara is followed by (Yekum Purkan on Shabbat, then) the prayers for the government and the State of Israel. On the eighth day, Yizkor (page 847) is said, followed by אַב הָרַחֲמִים. The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says יָהּ אֵלִי וְגוֹאֲלִי (although most omit this if Yizkor was said), the congregation says Ashrei, and the Torah scrolls are returned to the Ark. The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish.
249 Musaf: for Festivals (page 857). If also Shabbat, one says the additions for Shabbat. The Kohanim say Birkat Kohanim. The Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Full Kaddish. This is followed by Ein Keloheinu (page 625) and the conclusion of the service is as for Shabbat.
250 Minḥa: for Shabbat and Yom Tov. When the seventh or eighth day falls on Shabbat, the Torah is taken from the Ark and the beginning of the portion of the week is read. After the Torah is returned to the Ark, the Shaliaḥ Tzibbur says Half Kaddish, and the congregation says the Amida for Yom Tov (page 817).
מוֹצָאֵי פֶּסַח
Motza'ei Pesaḥ
251 Ma'ariv: for weekdays. In the fourth blessing of the Amida (page 287) אַתָּה חוֹנַנְתָּנוּ is said. Havdala is said, preferably over a cup of wine or grape juice (although some have a custom to say Havdala over beer); no blessing is made over spices or a flame (unless it is Motza'ei Shabbat) [שו״ע או״ח, תצא:א].
LAWS OF THE SEFIRAT HAOMER PERIOD
252 During the period of counting the Omer, certain mourning rituals are observed: one does not cut one's hair, shave, listen to music, or hold weddings and other parties [שו״ע ורמ״א או״ח, תצג:א–ג]. Some permit shaving during this period. These practices commemorate a plague that killed twelve thousand pairs of students of Rabbi Akiva who, the Talmud says, did not honor one another properly. The Ashkenazi community intensified these mourning customs in the wake of the pogroms of the First Crusade, which took place in Iyar and Sivan in the year 1096 (4856).
253 Different communities observe these customs during different periods: (1) from the end of Pesaḥ to the 18th of Iyar (Lag BaOmer), (2) from the 1st of Iyar until the 3rd of Sivan, (3) during the entire period from the end of Pesaḥ until the 3rd of Sivan.
254 Beginning on the first Shabbat after Pesaḥ, it is customary, after Shabbat Minḥa, to study a single chapter of Pirkei Avot (pages 709–751). This practice continues through the Shabbat before Rosh HaShana [רמ״א או״ח רצב, ב].
255 On the Shabbat preceding Rosh Ḥodesh Iyar, אַב הָרַחֲמִים is said (see law 146).
אִיָּר
IYAR
LAWS OF BAHAB (בה״ב)
256 Some have the custom to say special Seliḥot on the first Monday, the first Thursday and the second Monday of Iyar (see law 148). If one of these days falls on Yom HaAtzma'ut or Pesaḥ Sheni, no Seliḥot are said.
יוֹם הַזִּכָּרוֹן
Yom HaZikaron (4th of Iyar)
257 This day commemorates the Jews who gave their lives in defense of the Jewish settlement in the land of Israel, including soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces killed in the line of duty and civilians murdered in acts of terror. On Yom HaZikaron eve, a yahrzeit candle is lit and the Mourner's Kaddish is said by a bereaved parent, spouse or child. At the end of Shaḥarit, some congregations say special prayers (see pages 961–963).
258 Many communities hold special memorial ceremonies after Minḥa. These are