Patach
ַ · Patach · ah · bat · Short 'a'
Tools & Resources
Vowel Mastery
The nikud — the points and dashes that voice the letters. Learn them as a chart, then drill them against the clock.
Kamatz
ָ · Kamatz · ah / oh · father / cot · Long 'a' (Sephardi); often 'o' in Ashkenazi (kamatz katan rules apply)
Segol
ֶ · Segol · eh · bet · Short 'e'
Tzeireh
ֵ · Tzeireh · ay · they · Long 'e'
Chirik
ִ · Chirik · ih / ee · bit / machine · Often paired with yod (chirik malei) for long 'ee'
Cholam
ֹ · Cholam · oh · go · Often paired with vav (וֹ)
Kubutz
ֻ · Kubutz · uh · put · Short 'u'
Shuruk
וּ · Shuruk · oo · food · Vav with dot to left
Sheva
ְ · Sheva · (silent or 'eh') · — · Two vertical dots; either silent or quasi-vowel
Chataf-Patach
ֲ · Chataf-Patach · ah (brief) · — · Used under gutturals
Chataf-Segol
ֱ · Chataf-Segol · eh (brief) · — · Used under gutturals
Chataf-Kamatz
ֳ · Chataf-Kamatz · oh (brief) · — · Used under gutturals