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Erev Rosh Hashanah / Erev Yom Kippur, pages 609-609, with pointed Hebrew, English, and transliteration.

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Selected Laws and Customs

Erev Rosh Hashanah / Erev Yom Kippur 609-609 1151-1151

SELECTED LAWS AND CUSTOMS

SELECTED LAWS AND CUSTOMS 609-609 609 false

Passage psalms 1-3 are said; on the second, 4-6; etc. On Yom Kippur one completes the Book of Psalms by saying the 36 remaining psalms, thus: 9 ahead of Kol Nidrei, 9 ahead of retiring at night, 9 following Musaf, and 9 following Ne'ilah. true heading EREV ROSH HASHANAH Passage 1. After the morning service on Erev Rosh Hashanah, Hatarat Nedarim (the annulment of vows) is carried out. One must grasp the words one is reading. Hence, if the Hebrew is not understood, let it be read in a tongue one understands. true Passage 2. As the Talmud and Halachic works explain, only those vows or oaths which one imposed upon oneself admit of absolution, annulment, or invalidation, e.g., "I will eat" or "I will not eat," "I will sleep" or "I will not sleep," and similar pledges. Yet should one vow or swear to his fellow, or should someone place him under oath—whatever that person's nationality or religion—neither annulment, invalidation, nor absolution can be had without the party's consent. true Passage 3. During a Shemittah (Sabbatical) year on Erev Rosh Hashanah—each seventh year since creation, e.g., 5768 (2007) 5775 (2014), etc.—a pruzbul should be arranged, by declaring before a minyan (or at least three men): "I hereby hand over to you all debts owed to me, so that I may claim them whenever I so choose." This takes place after Hatarat Nedarim. Should one forget to carry it out when the sixth year ends, it should be carried out when the Shemittah year ends, i.e., on 29 Elul of the following year. true Passage 4. Anyone lending money in the Shemittah year (with no date set for repayment of the loan) should also make a pruzbul when the Shemittah year ends. true heading EREV YOM KIPPUR heading KAPPAROT Passage 1. Anyone unable to carry out the ritual at this hour may carry it out on days before Erev Yom Kippur. true Passage 2. Should separate chickens for every household member be unaffordable, several males may share one rooster and several females share one hen. true Passage 3. When the chicken is slaughtered, it is a mitzvah to cover a portion of the fresh blood with earth, sawdust, or the like. Before covering the blood a special blessing is recited: בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם, אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל כִּסּוּי דָּם בֶּעָפָר true Passage 4. The financial value of the Kapparot chicken should be given to charity. true Passage 5. Anyone unable to obtain a chicken for this ritual may carry it out using money in place of the chicken. In that event, one would circle money around one's head. The wording is then altered as follows: ...אֵלּוּ הַמָּעוֹת תֵּלַכְנָה לִצְדָקָה true heading MEALS Passage 1. Two meals should be eaten on Erev Yom Kippur. Those meals should comprise foods easy to digest and festive in character, such as challah, fish, soup, chicken, etc. At the second meal, fish should not be eaten. The first meal is taken shortly after noon; the second, called the pre-fast meal, is taken after Minchah and must be finished before sunset. true heading LASHES Passage 1. Before immersing in the mikveh prior to Minchah, it is customary to give one another lashes, a token of the stripes incurred for violating a transgression. The one receiving the lashes bends over, his head toward the north. The one giving the lashes lightly taps the recipient with a leather strap on his back, one stroke toward the right shoulder, one toward the left, and one in the center true