{
  "url": "https://workbench-jerusalem-salt.thenewjew.org/siddur/koren-shalem/112-113-56-57-morning-prayers-principles-of-rabbi-yishmael.json",
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  "type": "siddur-page",
  "title": "Principles of Rabbi Yishmael",
  "summary": "Principles of Rabbi Yishmael, pages 56-57, with pointed Hebrew, English, and transliteration.",
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  "data": {
    "book": {
      "slug": "koren-shalem",
      "title": "Koren Shalem Siddur",
      "nusach": "Sepharad"
    },
    "page": {
      "slug": "112-113-56-57-morning-prayers-principles-of-rabbi-yishmael",
      "section": "Morning Prayers",
      "topic": "Principles of Rabbi Yishmael",
      "printPages": "56-57",
      "pdfPages": "112-113",
      "header": {
        "section": {
          "hebrew": "שחרית",
          "transliteration": {
            "israeli": "sha|cha|RIT",
            "orthographic": "sha|ḥa|RITH",
            "sephardic": "sha|ḥa|RIT",
            "chabad": "sha|cha|RIS"
          },
          "english": "Shaharit"
        },
        "topic": {
          "hebrew": "ברייתא דרבי ישמעאל",
          "transliteration": {
            "israeli": "ba|ray|y|TA d'ra|BI yish|ma-EIL",
            "orthographic": "ba|ray|y|THAʾ de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL",
            "sephardic": "ba|ray|y|TA de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL",
            "chabad": "bo|ray|y|SO d'ra|BI yish|mo-EIL"
          },
          "english": "Principles of Rabbi Yishmael"
        },
        "printPages": "56-57"
      },
      "body": [
        {
          "type": "heading",
          "hebrew": "ברייתא דרבי ישמעאל",
          "transliteration": {
            "israeli": "ba|ray|y|TA d'ra|BI yish|ma-EIL",
            "orthographic": "ba|ray|y|THAʾ de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL",
            "sephardic": "ba|ray|y|TA de|rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL",
            "chabad": "bo|ray|y|SO d'ra|BI yish|mo-EIL"
          },
          "english": "THE HERMENEUTIC PRINCIPLES OF RABBI YISHMAEL"
        },
        {
          "type": "Passage",
          "hebrew": "רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: בִּשְׁלֹשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה מִדּוֹת הַתּוֹרָה נִדְרֶשֶׁת\nא מִקַּל וָחֹמֶר\nב וּמִגְּזֵרָה שָׁוָה\nג מִבִּנְיַן אָב מִכָּתוּב אֶחָד, וּמִבִּנְיַן אָב מִשְּׁנֵי כְתוּבִים\nד מִכְּלָל וּפְרָט\nה מִפְּרָט וּכְלָל\nו כְּלָל וּפְרָט וּכְלָל, אִי אַתָּה דָן אֶלָּא כְּעֵין הַפְּרָט\nז מִכְּלָל שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִפְרָט, וּמִפְּרָט שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִכְלָל\nח כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד\nלֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ יָצָא, אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא\nט כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִטְעֹן טַעַן אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ\nיָצָא לְהָקֵל וְלֹא לְהַחֲמִיר\nי כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִטְעֹן טַעַן אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ\nיָצָא לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר\nיא כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִדּוֹן בַּדָּבָר הֶחָדָשׁ\nאִי אַתָּה יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירוֹ לִכְלָלוֹ\nעַד שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶנּוּ הַכָּתוּב לִכְלָלוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ\nיב דָּבָר הַלָּמֵד מֵעִנְיָנוֹ, וְדָבָר הַלָּמֵד מִסּוֹפוֹ\nיג וְכֵן שְׁנֵי כְתוּבִים הַמַּכְחִישִׁים זֶה אֶת זֶה\nעַד שֶׁיָּבוֹא הַכָּתוּב הַשְּׁלִישִׁי וְיַכְרִיעַ בֵּינֵיהֶם.",
          "transliteration": {
            "israeli": "ra|BI yish|ma-EIL o|MER: bish|LOSH es|REH mi|DOT ha|to|RAH nid|RE|shet\nא mi|KAL va|CHO|mer\nב u|mig|ze|RAH sha|VAH\nג mi|bin|YAN av mi|ka|TUV e|CHAD, u|mi|bin|YAN av mish|NEI ch'tu|VIM\nד mik|LAL uf|RAT\nה mip|RAT uch|LAL\nו k'LAL uf|RAT uch|LAL, i a|TAH dan e|LA ke-EIN hap|RAT\nז mik|LAL she|HU tza|RICH lif|RAT, u|mip|RAT she|HU tza|RICH lich|LAL\nח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL ve|ya|TZA min hak|LAL le|la|MED\nlo le|la|MED al atz|MO ya|TZA, e|LA le|la|MED al hak|LAL ku|LO ya|TZA\nט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ON ta-AN e|CHAD she|HU che-in|ya|NO\nya|TZA le|ha|KEL ve|LO le|ha|cha|MIR\nי kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ON ta-AN a|CHER she|LO che-in|ya|NO\nya|TZA le|ha|KEL u|le|ha|cha|MIR\nיא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bich|LAL, ve|ya|TZA li|DON ba|da|VAR he|cha|DASH\ni a|TAH ya|CHOL le|ha|cha|zi|RO lich|la|LO\nad she|ya|cha|zi|RE|nu ha|ka|TUV lich|la|LO b'fe|RUSH\nיב da|VAR ha|la|MED me-in|ya|NO, ve|da|VAR ha|la|MED mi|so|FO\nיג ve|CHEN sh'NEI ch'tu|VIM ha|mach|chi|SHIM zeh et zeh\nad she|ya|VO ha|ka|TUV hash|li|SHI ve|yach|RIA bei|nei|HEM.",
            "orthographic": "rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEʾL ʾo|MER: bish|LOSH ʿeś|REH mid|DOTH hat|to|RAH nidh|RE|sheth\nא miq|QAL va|ḥO|mer\nב u|mig|ge|ze|RAH sha|VAH\nג mib|bin|YAN ʾav mik|ka|THUV ʾe|ḥADH, u|mib|bin|YAN ʾav mis|she|NE khe|thu|VIM\nד mik|ke|LAL u|fe|RAṭ\nה mip|pe|RAṭ u|khe|LAL\nו ke|LAL u|fe|RAṭ u|khe|LAL, ʾi ʾat|TAH dhan ʾel|LAʾ ke|ʿEN hap|pe|RAṭ\nז mik|ke|LAL she|HUʾ tza|RIKH lif|RAṭ, u|mip|pe|RAṭ she|HUʾ tza|RIKH likh|LAL\nח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL ve|ya|TZAʾ min hak|ke|LAL le|lam|MEDH\nloʾ le|lam|MEDH ʿal ʿatz|MO ya|TZAʾ, ʾel|LAʾ le|lam|MEDH ʿal hak|ke|LAL kul|LO ya|TZAʾ\nט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ liṭ|ʿON ṭa|ʿAN ʾe|ḥADH she|HUʾ khe|ʿin|ya|NO\nya|TZAʾ le|ha|QEL ve|LOʾ le|ha|ḥa|MIR\nי kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ liṭ|ʿON ṭa|ʿAN ʾa|ḥER shel|LOʾ khe|ʿin|ya|NO\nya|TZAʾ le|ha|QEL u|le|ha|ḥa|MIR\nיא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZAʾ lid|DON bad|da|VAR he|ḥa|DHASH\nʾi ʾat|TAH ya|KHOL le|ha|ḥa|zi|RO likh|la|LO\nʿadh shey|ya|ḥa|zi|REN|nu hak|ka|THUV likh|la|LO be|fe|RUSH\nיב da|VAR hal|la|MEDH me|ʿin|ya|NO, ve|dha|VAR hal|la|MEDH mis|so|FO\nיג ve|KHEN she|NE khe|thu|VIM ham|makh|ḥi|SHIM zeh ʾeth zeh\nʿadh shey|ya|VOʾ hak|ka|THUV has|she|li|SHI ve|yakh|RIAʿ be|ne|HEM.",
            "sephardic": "rab|BI yish|ma|ʿEL o|MER: bish|LOSH ʿes|REH mid|DOT hat|to|RAH nid|RE|shet\nא miq|QAL va|ḥO|mer\nב u|mig|ge|ze|RAH sha|VAH\nג mib|bin|YAN av mik|ka|TUV e|ḥAD, u|mib|bin|YAN av mis|she|NE khe|tu|VIM\nד mik|ke|LAL u|fe|RAT\nה mip|pe|RAT u|khe|LAL\nו ke|LAL u|fe|RAT u|khe|LAL, i at|TAH dan el|LA ke|ʿEN hap|pe|RAT\nז mik|ke|LAL she|HU tza|RIKH lif|RAT, u|mip|pe|RAT she|HU tza|RIKH likh|LAL\nח kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL ve|ya|TZA min hak|ke|LAL le|lam|MED\nlo le|lam|MED ʿal ʿatz|MO ya|TZA, el|LA le|lam|MED ʿal hak|ke|LAL kul|LO ya|TZA\nט kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ʿON ta|ʿAN e|ḥAD she|HU khe|ʿin|ya|NO\nya|TZA le|ha|QEL ve|LO le|ha|ḥa|MIR\nי kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lit|ʿON ta|ʿAN a|ḥER shel|LO khe|ʿin|ya|NO\nya|TZA le|ha|QEL u|le|ha|ḥa|MIR\nיא kol da|VAR she|ha|YAH bikh|LAL, ve|ya|TZA lid|DON bad|da|VAR he|ḥa|DASH\ni at|TAH ya|KHOL le|ha|ḥa|zi|RO likh|la|LO\nʿad shey|ya|ḥa|zi|REN|nu hak|ka|TUV likh|la|LO be|fe|RUSH\nיב da|VAR hal|la|MED me|ʿin|ya|NO, ve|da|VAR hal|la|MED mis|so|FO\nיג ve|KHEN she|NE khe|tu|VIM ham|makh|ḥi|SHIM zeh et zeh\nʿad shey|ya|VO hak|ka|TUV has|she|li|SHI ve|yakh|RIAʿ be|ne|HEM.",
            "chabad": "ra|BI yish|mo-EIL oy|MEIR: bish|LOYSH es|REIH mi|DOYS ha|toy|ROH nid|RE|shes\nא mi|KAL vo|CHOY|mer\nב u|mig'|zei|ROH sho|VOH\nג mi|bin|YAN ov mi|ko|SUV e|CHOD, u|mi|bin|YAN ov mish'|NEI ch'su|VIM\nד mik'|LOL uf'|ROT\nה mip'|ROT uch'|LOL\nו k'LOL uf'|ROT uch'|LOL, i a|TOH don e|LO k'EIN hap'|ROT\nז mik'|LOL she|HU tzo|RICH lif|ROT, u|mip'|ROT she|HU tzo|RICH lich|LOL\nח kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL v'yo|TZO min hak'|LOL l'la|MEID\nloy l'la|MEID al atz|MOY yo|TZO, e|LO l'la|MEID al hak'|LOL ku|LOY yo|TZO\nט kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO lit|OYN ta-AN e|CHOD she|HU ch'in|yo|NOY\nyo|TZO l'ho|KEIL v'LOY l'ha|cha|MIR\nי kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO lit|OYN ta-AN a|CHEIR she|LOY ch'in|yo|NOY\nyo|TZO l'ho|KEIL ul'|ha|cha|MIR\nיא kol do|VOR she|ho|YOH bich|LOL, v'yo|TZO li|DOYN ba|do|VOR he|cho|DOSH\ni a|TOH yo|CHOYL l'ha|cha|zi|ROY lich|lo|LOY\nad she|ya|cha|zi|RE|nu ha|ko|SUV lich|lo|LOY b'fei|RUSH\nיב do|VOR ha|lo|MEID mei-in|yo|NOY, v'do|VOR ha|lo|MEID mi|soy|FOY\nיג v'CHEIN sh'NEI ch'su|VIM ha|mach|chi|SHIM zeh es zeh\nad she|yo|VOY ha|ko|SUV hash'|li|SHI v'yach|RIA bei|nei|HEM."
          },
          "english": "Rabbi Yishmael says: Thirteen principles expound the Torah: 1. A deduction from a lenient ruling to a stringent one, and the reverse. 2. A deduction taken from matching expressions in two texts. 3. A comprehensive rule obtained from a single verse or from two associated verses. 4. A comprehensive statute succeeded by particular instances [where the law applies exclusively to those examples]. 5. A particular instance succeeded by a comprehensive statute [where the law applies to everything implied in the general statement]. 6. A comprehensive statute, then particular instances, then a comprehensive statute once more: from this you may deduce only matters akin to the instances. 7. If a comprehensive assertion needs a particular instance to make it clear, or a particular instance needs a comprehensive assertion to make it clear [then rules 4 and 5 do not apply]. 8. If a special instance, already covered by the comprehensive assertion, is stated expressly to impart something novel, that distinctive ruling extends to every other instance covered by the comprehensive assertion. 9. If a special instance, albeit embraced in the comprehensive assertion, is stated expressly with a ruling akin to the comprehensive statute, that instance is isolated so as to diminish the law's harshness, not to heighten it. 10. If a special instance, albeit embraced in the comprehensive assertion, is stated in so many words with a ruling that diverges from the comprehensive statute, that instance is isolated to diminish, in some respects, and in others to heighten, the law's harshness. 11. If a special instance, albeit embraced in the comprehensive assertion, is stated in so many words with a novel ruling, the conditions of the comprehensive assertion cease to govern it, unless Scripture states in so many words that they still govern. 12. A subject clarified by its setting, or by the passage that follows. 13. Also, if two texts [seem to] contradict each other, [they are to be elucidated by] a third text that brings them into accord."
        },
        {
          "type": "Passage",
          "hebrew": "יְהִי רָצוֹן מִלְּפָנֶיךָ, יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ וֵאלֹהֵי אֲבוֹתֵינוּ, שֶׁיִּבָּנֶה בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ\nבִּמְהֵרָה בְיָמֵינוּ, וְתֵן חֶלְקֵנוּ בְּתוֹרָתֶךָ, וְשָׁם נַעֲבָדְךָ בְּיִרְאָה כִּימֵי עוֹלָם\nוּכְשָׁנִים קַדְמוֹנִיּוֹת.",
          "transliteration": {
            "israeli": "ye|HI ra|TZON mi|le|fa|NE|cha, a|do|NAI e|lo|HEI|nu vei|lo|HEI a|vo|TEI|nu, she|yi|ba|NEH beit ha|mik|DASH\nbim|he|RAH v'ya|MEI|nu, ve|TEN chel|KE|nu b'to|ra|TE|cha, ve|SHAM na-a|vad|CHA b'yir|AH ki|MEI o|LAM\nuch|sha|NIM kad|mo|ni|YOT.",
            "orthographic": "ye|HI ra|TZON mil|le|fa|NE|kha, a|do|NAI ʾe|lo|HE|nu veʾ|lo|HE ʾa|vo|THE|nu, shey|yib|ba|NEH beth ham|miq|DASH\nbim|he|RAH ve|ya|ME|nu, ve|THEN ḥel|QE|nu be|tho|ra|THE|kha, ve|SHAM na|ʿa|va|dhe|KHA be|yir|ʾAH ki|ME ʿo|LAM\nu|khe|sha|NIM qadh|mo|niy|YOTH.",
            "sephardic": "ye|HI ra|TZON mil|le|fa|NE|kha, a|do|NAI e|lo|HE|nu ve|lo|HE a|vo|TE|nu, shey|yib|ba|NEH bet ham|miq|DASH\nbim|he|RAH ve|ya|ME|nu, ve|TEN ḥel|QE|nu be|to|ra|TE|kha, ve|SHAM na|ʿa|va|de|KHA be|yir|AH ki|ME ʿo|LAM\nu|khe|sha|NIM qad|mo|niy|YOT.",
            "chabad": "y'HI ro|TZOYN mil'|fo|NE|cho, a|do|NOY e|loy|HEI|nu vei|loy|HEI a|voy|SEI|nu, she|yi|bo|NEH beis ha|mik|DOSH\nbim|hei|ROH v'yo|MEI|nu, v'SEIN chel|KEI|nu b'soy|ro|SE|cho, v'SHOM na-a|vod'|CHO b'yir|OH ki|MEI oy|LOM\nuch'|sho|NIM kad|moy|ni|YOYS."
          },
          "english": "May it please You, LORD our God and God of our ancestors, that the Sanctuary be rebuilt with haste in our days, and allot us our portion in Your Torah. And there may we worship You in awe, as of old and as in years gone by."
        }
      ],
      "footer": [
        {
          "type": "Commentary",
          "text": "Torah is interpreted\" (Maimonides, Laws of Torah Study 1:11). It was chosen because it appears at the beginning of the Sifra, the halahkic commentary to Leviticus, which is the source of most of the laws of offerings. It also reminds us of the indissoluble connection between the Written Law (the Mosaic books) and the Oral Law (Mishna, Midrash and Talmud). Rabbi Yishmael's principles show how the latter can be derived from the former."
        },
        {
          "type": "Commentary",
          "text": "THE INTERPRETIVE PRINCIPLES OF RABBI YISHMAEL This passage is included as an item of Talmud, defined in its broadest sense as \"deducing conclusions from premises, developing implications of statements, comparing dicta, and studying the hermeneutical principles by which the"
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "links": [
    {
      "rel": "parent",
      "title": "Koren Shalem Siddur",
      "href": "/siddur/koren-shalem.json"
    },
    {
      "rel": "prev",
      "title": "Offerings",
      "href": "/siddur/koren-shalem/110-111-54-55-morning-prayers-offerings.json"
    },
    {
      "rel": "next",
      "title": "The Rabbis’ Kaddish",
      "href": "/siddur/koren-shalem/114-115-58-59-morning-prayers-the-rabbis-kaddish.json"
    }
  ]
}